An individual who undergoes dental surgery has a higher risk of developing a heart attack or stroke for a few weeks after the procedure, British researchers have revealed in an article published in the peer-reviewed journal Annals of Internal Medicine. The elevated risk is no longer there six months later. The authors explain that periodontal disease treatment may in the long-term lower cardiovascular risk. No studies, however, have ever looked into the short-term risk of dental procedures and acute inflammation.
The researchers believe inflammation is the link, with bacteria seeping into the bloodstream from a infection around the area of a tooth (periodontal infection). The bacteria may build up in the blood vessels, resulting in inflammation – this type of inflammation increases the risk of stroke or heart attack.
Lead researcher, Caroline Minassian, MSc, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, says that their findings provide more compelling evidence linking acute inflammation with cardiovascular events (e.g. heart attack or stroke).
The researchers stress that the enduring benefits of the dental treatment are greater than the temporary risk of adverse effects.
They gathered data from the U.S. Medicaid claims database involving 32,060 adults who had had a stroke or heart attack. They then traced their medical histories back to determine how many had undergone invasive dental surgery. 525 individuals had had a heart attack and 650 a stroke, all of them after dental surgery. They factored in variables which may on their own or in combination raise stroke and heart attack risk, such as hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, coronary artery disease, or individuals with prescriptions for antiplatelet or salicylate drugs before treatment.
The investigators discovered that there was a significantly increased heart attack or stroke risk during the month following their dental work (incidence ratio 1.50; 95% CI 1.09-2.06). One third of the vascular events occurred in patients less than fifty years of age. The risk was found to gradually subside to baseline (normal) after about six months.
